Menene manufar mitosis?
Sel shine sashin aiki na asali wanda ke tafiyar da aikin nazarin halittu na komai daga kwayoyin cuta da fungi zuwa kifayen kifayen ruwa da manyan bishiyu. Waɗannan ƙaƙƙarfan abubuwa, masu rikitarwa, amma ƙanƙantar da hankali suna cimma ci gaba da sabunta halittu masu yawa ta hanyar mitosis, wani tsari mai ban mamaki wanda ke canza sel zuwa sel biyu.
Ma'anar daidai
Na asali manufar na mitosis ya dogara da ma'anar da kuke amfani da ita ga wannan kalma. Mitosis galibi ana tattaunawa sosai azaman ma'anar rarrabuwa ta sel. A wannan yanayin, mitosis shine tsarin da kwayar halitta ke sake haifar da kanta don samar da kwayar halittar 'ya mace iri daya.
Ƙarin ma’anar fassarar mitosis ta hanyar fasaha ita ce tsarin da tsakiya ke kwaɗayi da shi kuma ya raba kansa zuwa tsakiya biyu tare da ainihin kwafin abubuwan halitta.
Sabuwar cibiya
Mitosis, gwargwadon madaidaicin ma'anar, ya ƙunshi matakai huɗu na farko: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, da telophase. Matakan farko na farko sun fi damuwa da rabuwa da tsarin chromosomes waɗanda aka kwafa yayin interphase, wanda ke gaban mitosis.
Chromosomes dogayen kwayoyin halitta ne waɗanda ke ɗauke da bayanan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin nau'in deoxyribonucleic acid, wanda aka fi sani da DNA.
A lokacin telophase , wani sabon ginshiƙi yana kewaya kowane saitin chromosomes, wanda ke haifar da ƙwayoyin halittu guda biyu iri ɗaya. Mitosis na farko yana faruwa ne yayin rarrabuwar sel saboda sabon sel ba zai iya rayuwa ba tare da ginshiƙi wanda ke ɗauke da bayanan kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don gudanar da ayyukan salula.
Cellaya sel, sel biyu
Rarraba sel ya fara da mitosis kuma ya ƙare tare da cytokinesis, inda ruwan salula, wanda aka sani da cytoplasm, ya rabu don ƙirƙirar sel biyu a kusa da nuclei biyu da aka kafa yayin mitosis.
A cikin ƙwayoyin dabbobi, cytokinesis yana faruwa azaman hanya mai ƙuntatawa wanda a ƙarshe ya matse tantanin mahaifa zuwa kashi biyu. Kwayoyin cikin-shuka, cytokinesis ana cika shi da farantin salula wanda ke samuwa tare da tsakiyar tantanin halitta kuma a ƙarshe ya kasu kashi biyu.
Babu Nucleus, babu mitosis
Tabbataccen ma'anar mitosis a matsayin rarrabuwa na nukiliya maimakon rarrabuwar kawunan salula yana taimakawa wajen fayyace wani muhimmin batu - mitosis ya shafi sel eukaryotic ne kawai. Duk sel sun kasu kashi biyu: prokaryotic da eukaryotic. Kwayoyin cuta da wasu halittu masu rai guda ɗaya da aka sani da archaea sune ƙwayoyin prokaryotic, kuma ƙwayoyin cuta kamar shuke-shuke, dabbobi, da fungi suna da ƙwayoyin eukaryotic.
Ofaya daga cikin bambance bambance tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan sel guda biyu a gaban cibiya: sel eukaryotic suna da ginshiƙi daban, kuma ƙwayoyin prokaryotic basa. Sakamakon haka, mitosis ba zai iya amfani da rarrabuwa na sel prokaryotic ba, wanda a maimakon haka ana kiransa tsinken binary.
Abubuwan da ke ciki